Nusavoxmedia.id – Pengalaman masyarakat menghadapi pandemi Covid-19 dinilai menjadi bekal penting dalam menyikapi meningkatnya kasus influenza yang belakangan ramai diperbincangkan, termasuk yang populer disebut sebagai superflu. Kebiasaan menjaga kebersihan, memakai masker, dan menghindari kerumunan kembali disorot sebagai langkah dasar pencegahan penyakit menular.
Istilah superflu mencuat seiring lonjakan kasus influenza di sejumlah negara belahan bumi utara. Superflu merujuk pada influenza A H3N2, khususnya varian subclade K, yang dilaporkan mendominasi kasus flu di Inggris, Jepang, serta sejumlah negara di Eropa dan Amerika Serikat.
Anggota Unit Kerja Koordinasi Respirologi IDAI, Dr. dr. Nastiti Kaswandani, Sp.A(K), menjelaskan bahwa penularan influenza A H3N2 berlangsung sangat cepat melalui droplet, batuk, bersin, atau kontak langsung dengan cairan pernapasan.
“Satu orang bisa menularkan ke dua hingga tiga orang di sekitarnya. Diperkirakan bisa lebih, meski belum ada penelitian pastinya,” ujar Nastiti, dikutip dari Antara, Senin (29/12/2025).
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Gejala influenza H3N2 umumnya muncul tiga hingga empat hari setelah terpapar, dengan keluhan berupa demam tinggi, sakit kepala, nyeri otot, kelelahan berat, batuk, pilek, hidung tersumbat, nyeri tenggorokan, hingga menggigil.
Nastiti menegaskan kondisi ini berbeda dengan selesma. “Kalau selesma biasanya masih bisa beraktivitas. Kalau sampai demam dan nyeri otot berat, kemungkinan besar itu influenza,” katanya.
Kelompok yang berisiko mengalami kondisi berat akibat influenza H3N2 meliputi balita, lansia, ibu hamil, serta penderita penyakit penyerta seperti gangguan jantung, kanker, dan individu dengan daya tahan tubuh rendah. Pada kondisi tertentu, penderita dapat memerlukan perawatan di rumah sakit.
Meski subclade K memiliki sejumlah mutasi, para ahli menegaskan virus ini bukanlah virus baru. Nastiti menyebut H3N2 telah beredar selama puluhan tahun dan hingga kini belum terdeteksi di Indonesia.
Nastiti juga mengingatkan masyarakat yang bepergian ke negara dengan musim dingin agar lebih waspada.
“Di musim liburan ini, terutama yang bepergian ke negara-negara dengan kasus tinggi, perlu lebih berhati-hati dan menjaga diri,” pungkasnya.
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